The Cold War and Civil Rights (1946-1975)

From 1946 to 1975, two important themes dominated United States history: the Cold War and civil rights. The events and outcome of World War II served as the impetus for the emergence of each.

The Cold War was to be a long lasting and continuing confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States. It was called the Cold War because neither the Soviet Union nor the United States officially declared war on each other. However, both sides clearly struggled to prevent the other from spreading its economic and political systems around the globe. The Cold War continued until the late 1980s. During the late 1940s and 1950s, the two sides sought to spread their ideology in Europe and Asia. Conflicts over communism in Cuba and South Vietnam dominated the 1960s and 1970s. By the late 1970s and early 1980s, the United States began to produce as many nuclear warheads as possible to deter the Soviets from launching their own nuclear attack against America. This strategy, encouraged by President Ronald Reagan, helped the United States emerge victorious from the Cold War.

While the Cold War was raging, African Americans struggled to attain equality with white men in the United States. Following World War II, many African Americans and whites united to protest the racism and discrimination that existed in the United States. For many years before World War II, a smaller number of blacks and whites had fought for equality. However, with the end of World War II a more organized Civil Rights Movement came into being. During the 1950s and the early 1960s, Martin Luther King, Jr., emerged as an important leader of the Civil Rights Movement. King organized protest rallies, boycotts, sit-ins, and marches. He hoped that thousands of people asking peacefully and respectfully for equal rights would rally support to the Civil Rights Movement. The Civil Rights Movement was successful in 1964 and 1965, with the federal government's passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. These two federal laws outlawed segregation, guaranteed African Americans equal protection under the law, and truly secured black men and women the right to vote. However, the Civil Rights Movement was not over. Activists continued to protest the lack of equal pay for equal work for African Americans. They also sought to improve educational opportunities for people of all races.

To learn more about this important era in Ohio's history, please browse these entries at your leisure.

There are 390 entries matching this time period. They are listed below in alphabetical order.

1950 Great Thanksgiving Snowstorm: The Thanksgiving snowstorm of 1950 was the deepest in Ohio’s history. . . .
1959 Ohio Statewide Flood: Rains of 3 to 6 inches fell on snow covered frozen ground, producing the most destructive flooding in Ohio since March 1913. . . .
1965 Palm Sunday Tornadoes: A wide outbreak of 37 tornadoes killed 256 people, mostly in Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana on Palm Sunday 1965. . . .
1969 Independence Day Flood: The most devastating summer flooding in Ohio history struck north-central Ohio during the state’s stormiest Independence Day. . . .
African Americans: Numerous African Americans have resided in Ohio. Today, African-American Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Akron Vulcans: The Akron Vulcans was a professional football team from Akron, Ohio. The team played in the Continental Football League for part of the 1967 season. . . .
Albanian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Albanian ancestors. Today, Albanian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
All American Quarter Horse Congress: The All American Quarter Horse Congress began in 1967. The Ohio Quarter Horse Association founded this event and continues to sponsor it to this day. The congress's purpose is to showcase the American Quarter Horse. . . .
Allegheny Wesleyan College: For more than one century, Salem, Ohio, has been the home of a religious-centered institution of higher education. The modern institution traces its history to 1956, with the creation of Salem Bible Institute. . . .
America: Originally published in Cleveland, Ohio, America was a Romanian-American newspaper. . . .
Anheuser-Busch, Inc.: Anheuser-Busch, Inc., originated in St. Louis, Missouri, during the 1850s and the 1860s. Today, it is the world's largest beer brewer. . . .
Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church: The Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church was the first Greek Orthodox Church founded in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Apollo 11: Astronauts from NASA's Apollo 11 mission in 1969 were the first humans to walk on the Moon. . . .
Armstrong, Neil A.: Neil Alden Armstrong was born on August 5, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio. His parents were Stephen and Viola Armstrong. Stephen Armstrong worked as an auditor for the state of Ohio. . . .
Astronaut-Maneuvering Unit: Peter N. Van Schaik invented an Astronaut-Maneuvering Unit that allowed astronauts to maneuver in space outside of a space vehicle. . . .
Athens Asylum: The Ridges was formerly an asylum for the mentally ill in Athens, Ohio. . . .
Baby Boomers: "Baby boomers" is a nickname for people born between 1946 and 1964. . . .
Baker v. Carr: The United States Supreme Court heard the Baker v. Carr case in 1962. In their ruling, the justices established the "one man, one vote" doctrine. . . .
Balkan Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Balkan ancestors. . . .
Bassett, Charles A.: Charles Arthur Bassett was an astronaut from Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Batesville, Ohio: Williamsburg, now known as Batesville, is a small community in Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Belle Center, Ohio: Belle Center, which has also been known as Belle Centre, is a small community in northern Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Belle Centre, Ohio: Belle Center, which has also been known as Belle Centre, is a small community in northern Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Belmont Technical College: For over four decades, Belmont Technical College has provided technical training to the residents of eastern Ohio. . . .
Benadryl: Benadryl reduces the amount of Histamine in the human body, a chemical that causes allergy symptoms. . . .
Berg, Mary G.: Ohioan, Mary Georgene Berg, better known as Mary Wells Lawrence, was prominent advertising executive during the mid-twentieth century. . . .
Big Ear Radio Observatory: Dr. John D. Kraus, a professor of electrical engineering and astronomy at The Ohio State University, designed the Big Ear Radio Telescope. . . .
Bob Evans Restaurants: Rio Grande, Ohio, resident Bob Evans ventured into the restaurant business in the 1940s, operating a small diner. . . .
Bolton, Frances P.: Francis Bolton was the first woman from Ohio elected to the United States House of Representatives. . . .
Bombing of Cambodia: In March 1969, President Richard Nixon authorized secret bombing raids in Cambodia, a move that escalated opposition to the Vietnam War in Ohio and across the United States. . . .
Bricker Amendment: Although never adopted, the Bricker Amendment would have reduced the president's ability to negotiate agreements with foreign powers without congressional approval. . . .
Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954): Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas was one of the more important court cases in the history of civil rights in the United States. . . .
Brown, John W.: John William Brown was Ohio's fifty-eighth governor. . . .
Brown, Paul: Paul Eugene Brown was a successful and innovative football coach and executive for the Ohio State Buckeyes, Cleveland Browns and Cincinnati Bengals. . . .
Buck Fry: During the late 1970s, motorists in the United States faced a gasoline shortage. In response to this shortage, The Ohio State University’s Department of Mechanical Engineering developed a new fuel known as “Buck Fry” from dirty cooking oil from the university’s cafeterias. . . .
Burick , Si: Si Burick was a premier sportswriter and editor from Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Busing: Busing of schoolchildren for the purpose of achieving racial integration was used by several Ohio school systems in the late twentieth century. . . .
Byelorussian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Byelorussian ancestors. Today, Byelorussian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Carlson, Carl O.: Carl O. Carlson invented microfiche. . . .
Carpatho-Russian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors. . . .
Cassady, Howard "Hopalong": Howard Cassady was an outstanding athlete at The Ohio State University in the early 1950's. . . .
Celebrezze Sr., Anthony J.: Anthony Joseph Celebrezze, Sr., was a prominent Ohio politician, including mayor of Cleveland, during the twentieth century. . . .
Central Ohio Technical College: In 1971, the Ohio Board of Regents authorized the creation of the Central Ohio Technical College in Newark, Ohio. . . .
Chatfield College: In 1958, the Ursulines of Brown County established the Ursuline Teacher Training Institute. This Catholic institution was the predecessor of Chatfield College, a private, three-year college that offers Associate of Arts degrees. . . .
Chenault, Marcus: On June 30, 1974, Marcus Chenault, a twenty-one year old, African-American man from Ohio, murdered Alberta Williams King. . . .
Chinese Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Chinese ancestors. Today, Chinese Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Cincinnati Comets: The Cincinnati Comets was a professional soccer team in Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Cincinnati Royals: The Cincinnati Royals was a professional basketball team in Cincinnati, Ohio. The team played in the National Basketball Association from 1957 to 1972. . . .
Cincinnati State Technical and Community College: In 1969, the Ohio Board of Regents authorized the creation of Cincinnati State Technical and Community College. . . .
Cincinnati Stingers: The Cincinnati Stingers was a professional hockey team that played in the World Hockey Association (WHA). . . .
Circleville Bible College: In 1948, the predecessor of the Circleville Bible College, the Mount of Praise Bible College, formed in Circleville, Ohio. . . .
Civil Rights Movement: Since the end of the American Civil War, African Americans have struggled to achieve equality. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ended slavery in the United States. . . .
Clark County Technical Institute: In 1962, the Springfield and Clark County Technical Education Program, the predecessor of Clark County Technical Institute, opened and began to offer technical training for residents of Springfield, Ohio, and surrounding communities. . . .
Clark State Community College: In 1962, the Springfield and Clark County Technical Education Program, the predecessor of Clark State Community College, opened and began to offer technical training for residents of Springfield, Ohio, and surrounding communities. . . .
Clearview Golf Course: William Powell is the first African American to design and construct a professional golf course. In 1946, he began construction on the Clearview Golf Course in East Canton, Ohio. . . .
Cleveland Brewers: The Cleveland Brewers was a professional football team, consisting of women players. It is unclear when the team came into existence, but it might have been as early as 1966. . . .
Cleveland Cavaliers: In 1970, Nick Mileti organized the Cleveland Cavaliers, a professional basketball team that plays in the National Basketball Association. . . .
Cleveland Civil Disorders (1966 - 1968): In the mid 1960s, Cleveland, Ohio was the scene of several nationally prominent civil disturbances that were racially charged. . . .
Cleveland Crusaders: The Cleveland Crusaders was a professional hockey team that played in the World Hockey Association (WHA). . . .
Cleveland Nets: The Cleveland Nets was a professional tennis team from Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Cleveland Pipers: In 1961, Abe Saperstein, Paul Cohen, George Steinbrenner and others attempted to form a new professional basketball league to rival the National Basketball Association (NBA). . . .
Cleveland Rebels: The Cleveland Rebels was one of the original teams in the Basketball Association of America. . . .
Cleveland Stokers: The Cleveland Stokers was a professional soccer team from Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Cleveland, Ohio's Chinatown: Cleveland, Ohio's Chinatown is an ethnic neighborhood in Cleveland, Ohio. Chinatown was established in the late nineteenth century. . . .
Cold War: As World War II was ending, the Cold War began. This was to be a long lasting and continuing confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States, lasting from 1945 to 1989. . . .
Colo: On December 22, 1956, a very special gorilla was born at the Columbus Zoo & Aquarium. Colo, a Western lowland gorilla, became the first gorilla to be born in captivity. . . .
Columbus Golden Seals: The Columbus Golden Seals was a professional hockey team in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Columbus Owls: The Columbus Owls was a professional hockey team in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Columbus State Community College: In 1963, Columbus State Community College opened in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Copas, Lloyd E. "Cowboy": Lloyd Estel Copas was a well-known American musician during the 1940s, 1950s, and early 1960s. . . .
Corning, Ohio: Corning is a small community in Perry County, Ohio. . . .
Craig-Jones, Ellen W.: Ellen Walker Craig-Jones was an African American political figure and civic leader in twentieth century central Ohio. She was born on June 5, 1906, in Franklin County, Ohio. . . .
Croatian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Croatian ancestors. Today, Croatian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Cuyahoga Community College: On September 23, 1963, Cuyahoga Community College opened in Cleveland, Ohio. The institution was Ohio's first community college, offering two-year Associates degrees. . . .
Cuyahoga River Fire: On June 22, 1969, an oil slick and debris in the Cuyahoga River caught fire in Cleveland, Ohio, drawing national attention to environmental problems in Ohio and elsewhere in the United States. . . .
Cuyahoga Valley National Park: During the 1960s and 1970s, urban expansion threatened rural areas in northeastern Ohio, especially between Cleveland and Akron. Facing pressure from local citizens and conservation groups to preserve the natural environment, the United States Congress and President Gerald Ford established the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area in 1974. . . .
Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area: During the 1960s and 1970s, urban expansion threatened rural areas in northeastern Ohio, especially between Cleveland and Akron. Facing pressure from local citizens and conservation groups to preserve the natural environment, the United States Congress and President Gerald Ford established the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area in 1974. . . .
Dandridge, Dorothy: American actress Dorothy Dandridge was born on November 9, 1923, in Cleveland, Ohio. She began singing and dancing, for audiences at the age of five. When Dandridge was nine years old, her family moved to Los Angeles, California. . . .
Danish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Danish ancestors. Today, Danish Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Dayton Aeros: The Dayton Aeros was one of the founding teams of the World Hockey Association (WHA). . . .
Dayton Dynamo: The Dayton Dynamo was a professional indoor soccer team from Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Dayton Gems (International Hockey League): The Dayton Gems was a professional hockey team from Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Dayton Reliable Tool and Manufacturing Company, Inc.: In 1949, Ermal "Ernie" Fraze formed a machine tool business, the Dayton Reliable Tool Company, in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Dayton Reliable Tool Company: In 1949, Ermal "Ernie" Fraze formed a machine tool business, the Dayton Reliable Tool Company, in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Dayton Rens: The Dayton Rens was a professional basketball team in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
DeBartolo Sr., Edward J.: Edward John DeBartolo, Sr., was born in Youngstown, Ohio, on May 17, 1919. His parents, Anthony and Rose Paonessa, had immigrated to the United States from Italy. . . .
Devine, Samuel L.: Samuel Devine served on the Ohio Un-American Activities Committee in the 1950s. . . .
Dexter City, Ohio: Dexter City is a small community in Noble County, Ohio. . . .
DiSalle, Michael V.: Michael Vincent DiSalle was Ohio's sixtieth governor. . . .
Dnipro Chorus: The Dnipro Chorus is a Ukrainian choral group in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Doby, Larry: Larry Doby was a prominent American baseball player. He was born Lawrence Eugene Doby in Camden, South Carolina, on December 13, 1923. . . .
Domestic Workers of America: In 1965, Geraldine Roberts, a resident of Cleveland, began organizing African-American women who worked as domestic servants. . . .
Donahey, Gertrude W.: In 1970, Donahey became the first woman to be elected to a statewide office in Ohio when she won election as state treasurer. . . .
Donahue, Phil: Phil Donahue is an American author, entertainer and television talk show host. . . .
Driver, Phyllis: Phyllis Diller is an American author, musician and entertainer. . . .
Dulcimer Days: Since 1974, Roscoe Village, in Coshocton, Ohio, has hosted Dulcimer Days. . . .
Dutch Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Dutch ancestors. . . .
Edison Community College: In 1973 Edison Community College formed in Piqua, Ohio. . . .
Edmonds, Helen G.: Helen Gray Edmonds was the first African-American woman to earn a doctoral degree from The Ohio State University. . . .
Energy Crisis of the 1970s: In the 1970s, Ohioans, like other Americans, experienced inconvenience and financial hardships, due to severe fuel shortages and inflated prices caused by the rising cost of crude oil. . . .
Equal Rights Amendment: On March 22, 1972, the federal government sent the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the individual states for ratification. The ERA sought to make gender discrimination a violation of the United States Constitution. . . .
Estonian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Estonian ancestors. Today, Estonian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Evans, Bob: Restaurant founder Bob Evans was born on May 30, 1918, in Sugar Ridge, Ohio. His parents were Stanley L. Evans and Elizabeth Lewis Evans. After Evans married his childhood sweetheart, Jewell, the couple raised their family on a farm near Rio Grande, Ohio. . . .
Farm Labor Organizing Committee: In 1967, Baldemar Velasquez founded the Farm Labor Organizing Committee (FLOC). . . .
Federated German American Relief for Expellees Organizing Committee: The Federated German American Relief for Expellees Organizing Committee, which became known as the German American Resettlement Services, Inc., was a German-American organization in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Fergason, James L.: James L. Fergason is a prominent scientist and inventor. . . .
Festival Latino: The Festival Latino is an annual Hispanic festival that occurs in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Fett, George L.: George Leonard Fett was a prominent cartoonist from Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Fifty-Star U.S. Flag: Ohioan Robert G. Heft designed the fifty-star United States flag. . . .
Finnish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Finnish ancestors. . . .
First Ejection from an Airplane while in Flight: The first ejection from an airplane while in flight occurred at Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
First Helicopter Crossing of the Atlantic Ocean: Two Ohioans made the first successful crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in a helicopter. . . .
Fiste, Erma L.: Erma Bombeck was a well-known twentieth-century American journalist and humorist. . . .
Flemming, Arthur S.: Arthur S. Flemming was Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare during the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He was a 1927 graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University in Delaware, Ohio. . . .
Folck, Blair E.: Blair E. Folck was instrumental in the founding of the All-American Quarter Horse Congress. . . .
Francis, Clarence "Bevo": Clarence "Bevo" Francis was a prominent basketball star during the late twentieth century. . . .
Franciscan College of Steubenville: In 1946, the Franciscan Friars of the Third Order Regular established the Franciscan College of Steubenville in Steubenville, Ohio. . . .
Franciscan University of Steubenville: In 1946, the Franciscan Friars of the Third Order Regular established the Franciscan College of Steubenville, the predecessor of the Franciscan University of Steubenville, in Steubenville, Ohio. . . .
Fraze, Ermal: Ermal "Ernie" Fraze invented the pull-top beverage can. . . .
Freed, Alan: Alan Freed was a radio personality and creator of the term "Rock and Roll". . . .
Freedom Summer: Freedom Summer was an important event in the Civil Rights Movement during the 1960s. . . .
French Fry Bus: During the late 1970s, motorists in the United States faced a gasoline shortage. In response to this shortage, The Ohio State University’s Department of Mechanical Engineering developed a new fuel known as “Buck Fry” from dirty cooking oil from the university’s cafeterias. . . .
French Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from French ancestors. Today, French Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Friendship 7: In 1958, John Glenn became one of seven original astronauts chosen by the National Air and Space Administration for the first American space missions. . . .
Frisch's Big Boy: In 1939, David Frisch, opened the Cincinnati area's first drive-in eatery, that eventually became the first Frisch's Big Boy restaurant. . . .
Frisch, David: David Frisch was born in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1902,. He eventually created one of the most successful restaurant chains in the United States -- Frisch's Big Boy. . . .
Fuji Society: Located in Cleveland, Ohio, the Fuji Society was a social organization of Japanese war brides. . . .
George, Peter T.: Ohioan Peter T. George was an Olympic medalist in weightlifting during the 1940s and 1950s. . . .
German American Resettlement Services, Inc.: The Federated German American Relief for Expellees Organizing Committee, which became known as the German American Resettlement Services, Inc., was a German-American organization in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Gilligan, John J.: John Joyce Gilligan was Ohio's governor from 1971 to 1975. . . .
Glenville Shootout: The "Glenville shootout" was one of a series of racially-charged riots that occurred in Cleveland, Ohio during the 1960s. . . .
Glenville, Ohio: Glenville, Ohio is a neighborhood area of Cleveland. It is located to the northeast of Cleveland. Historically, this neighborhood has been home to various ethnic groups. . . .
Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway System: Since the first French colonists settled in modern-day Canada, humans had attempted to improve navigation on the St. Lawrence Seaway and on the Great Lakes. . . .
Greek Catholic Union: The Greek Catholic Union is a national Carpatho-Russian fraternal organization. . . .
Greek Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Greek ancestors. Today, Greek Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Greek Town, Ohio: Greek Town was an ethnic neighborhood in Cleveland, Ohio from the late nineteenth century to the mid twentieth century. . . .
Green, Barrett K.: Barrett K. Green was a prominent twentieth-century scientist and inventor. . . .
Griffin, Archie: Archie Griffin was a star football running-back and two-time Heisman Trophy winner at The Ohio State University. . . .
Grimes, Anne: Anne Grimes was a journalist, musician and historian of American folklore. . . .
Gulf of Tonkin Incident: The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, in 1964, was a major turning point in United States military involvement in Vietnam. . . .
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: The Gulf of Tonkin Incident occurred in August 1964. . . .
Habeeba's Dance of the Arts: In 1971, Habeeba established Habeeba's Dance of the Arts in Ohio. . . .
Halloween Riot: On October 31, 1952, a riot erupted at the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus. It became known as the “Halloween Riot,” as it began on Halloween. . . .
Hamma School of Theology: In 1830, the German Theological Seminary opened in Canton, Ohio. This institution, a predecessor of Trinity Lutheran Seminary, was established to train ministers for the Lutheran Church. The seminary soon moved to Columbus, Ohio. It eventually became known as the Evangelical Lutheran Theological Seminary. . . .
Hayes, Wayne W. "Woody": Wayne Woodrow Hayes was born on February 14, 1913, in Clifton, Ohio. He was known as Woody Hayes. . . .
Heft, Robert G.: Ohioan Robert G. Heft designed the fifty-star United States flag. . . .
Henry, Robert C.: In 1966, Robert C. Henry became the first African American to serve as mayor of a city (Springfield) in the State of Ohio and in the United States of America. . . .
Herb Capital of Ohio - Gahanna: During the late 1800s and the early 1900s, Gahanna, Ohio residents became famous for the quality and quantity of herbs that they grew. Local residents eventually began to call their city the "Herb Capital of Ohio." . . .
Hill, Katherine: Katherine Hill created the T. Marzetti Company's Original Slaw Dressing and remained a vital employee of the firm for nearly seventy years. . . .
Hip Sing Tong: The Hip Sing Tong is an association that primarily promotes Chinese business development in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Hispanic Chamber of Commerce for Ohio: The Hispanic Chamber of Commerce for Ohio is an organization that promotes Latino-owned businesses in Ohio. . . .
Hispanic Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are Hispanic or Latino. Today, these Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Hocking College: In 1968, Tri-County Technical Institute, the predecessor of Hocking College, opened in Nelsonville, Ohio. The institute's primary purpose was to provide local residents with technical training. . . .
Holbrook Jr., Harold R. "Hal": Hal Holbrook was born on February 17, 1925, in Cleveland, Ohio. His birth name was Harold Rowe Holbrook, Jr., but he adopted the name Hal Holbrook upon embarking upon an acting career. . . .
Home Microwave Oven: In 1955, the Tappan Stove Company, which was located in Mansfield, Ohio, manufactured the first microwave oven for home use. . . .
Hopalong Cassidy: Hopalong Cassidy was a character in western novels written by Clarence Mulford during the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s. . . .
Hough Riots: In Cleveland, Ohio in June 1966, a series of racially-charged riots occurred in the Hough neighborhood. . . .
Humphrey, George M.: George Magoffin Humphrey was born on March 8, 1890, in Cheboygan, Michigan. He graduated from the University of Michigan with a law degree in 1912, and he spent the next several years practicing law with his father in Saginaw, Michigan. . . .
HwyH2O: During the 1950s, the Canadian and the United States government worked together to create the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway System. Construction began in September 1954 and was completed on July 4, 1958, although the first vessel did not traverse the entire seaway until April 1959. Queen Elizabeth II and President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally opened the seaway on June 26, 1959. . . .
Incredible Creeping Golf Ball: On March 30, 1971, Cincinnati, Ohio, inventor Donald B. Poynter received a patent for his "Incredible Creeping Golf Ball." . . .
Interstate Highway Act of 1956: In 1956, the United States government implemented the Interstate Highway Act. This legislation provided twenty-six billion dollars to build interstate highways, linking the United States' major cities. . . .
J.M. Smucker Company: The J.M. Smucker Company produces a wide array of jams, jellies, and other food items. . . .
James W. Shocknessy Ohio Turnpike: In 1949, the Ohio government established the Ohio Turnpike Commission. This office was to finance and construct a turnpike that crossed northern Ohio. . . .
Janowicz, Victor F.: Victor F. Janowicz was born on February 26, 1930, in Elyria, Ohio. He became one of the greatest football players in The Ohio State University's history. . . .
Japanese Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Japanese ancestors. Today, Japanese Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Jefferson County Technical Institute: On September 16, 1966, the Ohio Board of Regents chartered Jefferson County Technical Institute, the predecessor of Jefferson Community College, in Steubenville, Ohio. The institute formally opened on September 23, 1968, partly financed by a local property tax. . . .
Johnson, Lyndon B.: Lyndon Baines Johnson was President of the United States of America from 1963 to 1969. . . .
Kazel, Dorothy L.: Dorothy L. Kazel was an Ursuline Sister from Ohio who was abducted and killed by El Salvadoran National Guardsmen during a civil war in El Salvador in 1980, . . .
Kennedy, John F.: John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the thirty-fifth President of the United States. He was born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts. . . .
Kent State Shootings: In May 1970, students protesting the bombing of Cambodia by United States military forces, clashed with Ohio National Guardsmen on the Kent State University campus. . . .
King Jr., Martin L.: Martin Luther King, Jr., was a prominent civil rights activist during the 1950s and 1960s. . . .
Knock-down Table: In 1951, the Sauder Woodworking Company, located in Archbold, Ohio, created the "knock-down" table. This table was packaged flat in a box, and the consumer easily assembled it at home. This marked the beginning of ready-to-assemble furniture. . . .
Korean Association of Greater Cleveland: Located in Cleveland, Ohio, the Korean Association of Greater Cleveland is an important Korean social and cultural institution. . . .
Korean Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Korean ancestors. Today, Korean Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Korean War: The Korean War was one of several military conflicts that occurred during the Cold War, as the United States and its allies attempted to stop the spread of communism. . . .
La Gauloise: La Gauloise was a social organization for French immigrants in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Lakeland Community College: In 1967, voters authorized the creation of Lakeland Community College in Kirtland, Ohio. Lakeland Community College was the first college established by voters in Ohio. . . .
Lancaster Colony Corporation: Founded in Columbus, Ohio, the Lancaster Colony Corporation is a holding company. . . .
Latino Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are Hispanic or Latino. Today, these Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Lausche, Frank J.: Frank John Lausche was Ohio's only five-term governor. . . .
LCD: While working as the associate director of the Liquid Crystal Institute of Kent State University, in Kent, Ohio, James L. Fergason developed an improved liquid crystal display (LCD). . . .
Lemko Association: The Lemko Association is a national Carpatho-Russian fraternal organization. . . .
Lemko Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors, including Lemko Ohioans. . . .
Lichtenstein, Roy: Roy Lichtenstein was a prominent twentieth century American artist. . . .
Lima Technical College: In 1971, Lima Technical College, the predecessor of James A. Rhodes State College, formed in Lima, Ohio. The institution's primary goal was to provide technical training to residents of Allen County, Ohio. . . .
Limited Brands, Inc.: In 1963, Leslie Wexner, C.E.O. of Limited Brands, opened his first store in the Kingsdale Shopping Center in Columbus, Ohio. He named his store The Limited, a women's clothing store. . . .
Liquid Crystal Display: While working as the associate director of the Liquid Crystal Institute of Kent State University, in Kent, Ohio, James L. Fergason developed an improved liquid crystal display (LCD). . . .
Little Brown Jug: Since 1956, the Little Brown Jug has been one of the horse races in the Triple Crown of Pacing. The competition first occurred in 1946, and it has always taken place at the Delaware County Fairgrounds in Delaware, Ohio. . . .
Little No-No and Sniffy: "Sniffy," "Little No-No and Sniffy," and "Norbert" were cartoons principally drawn by Cleveland, Ohioan George Leonard Fett. . . .
Lorain County Community College: In 1963, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Lorain County Community College in Elyria, Ohio. In 1964, the college absorbed the Lorain School of Technology and offered classes for the first time. . . .
Macedonian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Macedonian ancestors. Today, Macedonian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Madison, Ohio: Madison is a community in Lake County, Ohio. . . .
Malone College: In 1892, Walter and Emma Malone, members of the Society of Friends, established the Cleveland Bible College, the predecessor of Malone College, in Cleveland, Ohio. Dedicated to promoting Christianity among its students, the college grew slowly, initially attracting primarily students from the surrounding area. . . .
Marion Technical College: In 1971, Marion Technical College formed in Marion, Ohio. The institution's primary goal was to provide technical training to residents of Marion County, Ohio. . . .
Marotta Sr., Vincent: Vincent Marotta, Sr., spent his youth in Cleveland, Ohio. The son of Italian immigrants, Marotta assisted his father, who could not speak English, in operating the family business, which was coal mining. . . .
Marzetti, Teresa: Teresa Marzetti was the founder of the T. Marzetti Company in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Mauchly, John: John Mauchly was born on August 30, 1907, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He spent most of his youth in Chevy Chase, Maryland. In 1925, he enrolled as an undergraduate at Johns Hopkins University, receiving his undergraduate degree in just two years. . . .
McCarthy, Joseph R.: Joseph Raymond McCarthy was a United States Senator from Wisconsin during the 1940s and 1950s. . . .
McClelland, Helen G.: Ohioan Helen Grace McClelland was one of only three women to receive the Distinguished Service Cross, the United States of America's second highest combat award. She also received the British Royal Red Cross for her actions during World War I. . . .
McElroy, Neil H.: Ohioan, Neil Hosler McElroy served as United States Secretary of Defense under President Dwight Eisenhower during the 1950s. . . .
McVicker, Joseph: Joseph McVicker was born in 1929 to Irma McVicker and Cleo McVicker. With Cleo McVicker's death in 1949, Irma McVicker hired her son, Joseph, and her son-in-law, Bill Rhodenbaugh, to head Kutol Products Company, a Cincinnati, Ohio firm, formerly headed by Cleo, that produced soap and wallpaper cleaner. . . .
Mentor, Ohio: At the time of this writing, Mentor is the largest city in Lake County, Ohio. . . .
Methodist Theological School in Ohio: In 1956, the General Conference of the Methodist Church authorized the creation of two theological schools. Eventually, it was agreed that one of these schools would be located in Ohio. In 1960, the Methodist Theological School in Ohio opened. . . .
Microencapsulation: On July 5, 1955, Dayton, Ohio, resident and National Cash Register Company employee Barrett K. Green received a patent for the process of microencapsulation. . . .
Microfiche: Carl O. Carlson invented microfiche. . . .
Middletown, Ohio (Perry County): Somerset, which was once known as Middletown, was formerly the county seat of Perry County, Ohio. . . .
Mills, Victor: Victor Mills was a prominent inventor who eventually became head of Procter & Gamble's Exploratory Development Division. . . .
Mock, Geraldine F.: Newark, Ohio native, Geraldine Fredritz Mock was the first woman to fly around the world. . . .
Modell, Arthur B.: Arthur (Art) B. Modell was born on June 23, 1925, in Brooklyn, New York. As a young man, he amassed a fortune working in television production in New York City. In 1961, he purchased the Cleveland Browns, a National Football League (NFL) team, for four million dollars. . . .
Montenegrin Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Montenegrin ancestors. . . .
Moonville, Ohio: Moonville was a small railroad and mining community in Vinton County, Ohio. . . .
Morgan, Marabel: Marabel Morgan was a bestselling author and an anti-feminist during the 1970s. . . .
Mount Sterling, Ohio: Mount Sterling is a community in Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Mount Vernon Nazarene College: In 1964, the Church of the Nazarene voted to create three new colleges. One became Mid-America Nazarene University in Olathe, Kansas, one became the Nazarene Bible College in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and the third came into being in Mount Vernon, Ohio. . . .
Mount Vernon Nazarene University: In 1964, the Church of the Nazarene voted to create three new colleges. One became Mid-America Nazarene University in Olathe, Kansas, one became the Nazarene Bible College in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and the third came into being in Mount Vernon, Ohio. . . .
Mr. Coffee: In 1968, Vincent Marotta, Sr., a Cleveland, Ohio, land acquisition and development company president, sought to develop a better home coffeemaker. . . .
Muskingum Area Technical College: In 1969, Muskingum Area Technical College, the predecessor of Zane State College, opened in Zanesville, Ohio. This institution first shared facilities with Muskingum Area Joint Vocational School, but in 1975, the college relocated to a 179-acre site, which it shared with Ohio University-Zanesville. . . .
Myers, David N.: David N. Myers was a prominent twentieth-century businessman and philanthropist. . . .
National Equine Sales: In 1960, Blair Edwin Folck and his wife Nancy Folck created National Quarter Horse Sales, the predecessor of National Equine Sales, in Springfield, Ohio. . . .
National Hot Rod Association Spring Nationals: The National Hot Rod Association Spring Nationals is an annual drag racing event held at National Trail Raceway, located between Hebron and Kirkersville, Ohio. . . .
National Inventors Hall of Fame: In 1973, the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office and the National Council of Intellectual Property Law Associations established the National Inventors Hall of Fame. This organization constructed a museum in Akron, Ohio, which remains in operation today. . . .
National Organization for Women: In 1966, a group of women formed the National Organization for Women (NOW). These women sought to bring political pressure on government officials to guarantee women equal rights with men. . . .
National Quarter Horse Sales: In 1960, Blair Edwin Folck and his wife Nancy Folck created National Quarter Horse Sales in Springfield, Ohio. . . .
National Trail Raceway: In 1963, Carl Rader, Sr., constructed National Trail Raceway, a one-quarter mile long drag racing track, located between Kirkersville and Hebron, Ohio. Since 1972, National Trail Raceway has held at least one National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) drag racing event each year. . . .
National Welfare Rights Organization: In 1967, Lillian Craig, a resident of Cleveland, Ohio, founded the National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO). This group eventually encompassed people, especially women, across the United States of America. . . .
Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company: Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company has its roots in the Farm Bureau Mutual Automobile Insurance Company, founded by the Ohio Farm Bureau Federation in Columbus, Ohio, in 1926. . . .
Nicklaus, Jack: Jack Nicklaus was born on January 21, 1940, in Columbus, Ohio. He began playing golf at ten years of age and quickly became a dominant player, winning six Ohio State Junior titles. . . .
Nixon, Richard M.: Richard Milhous Nixon was President of the United States of America from 1969 to 1974. . . .
Norbert: "Sniffy," "Little No-No and Sniffy," and "Norbert" were cartoons principally drawn by Cleveland, Ohioan George Leonard Fett. . . .
Norse Dairy Systems: Headquartered in Columbus, Ohio, Norse Dairy Systems is the world's largest manufacturer of sugar cones. . . .
North Central Technical College: In 1961, the Mansfield, Ohio, Board of Education established Mansfield School of Technology, the predecessor of North Central State College. . . .
Northwest Technical College: In 1968, the Ohio Board of Regents authorized the creation of the Four County Technical Institute, the predecessor of Northwest Technical College. . . .
Norwegian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Norwegian ancestors. Today, Norwegian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Novy Svet (New World): Novy Svet, translated as New World, was a Czech-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
O'Neill, C. W.: C. William O'Neill was Ohio's fifty-ninth governor. . . .
Ohio Board of Regents: In 1963, the Ohio government created the Ohio Board of Regents. The board currently consists of nine members, and its purpose is to advise the Ohio governor and the state legislature on higher education issues. . . .
Ohio Christian University: In 1948, the predecessor of the Circleville Bible College, the Mount of Praise Bible College, formed in Circleville, Ohio. . . .
Ohio Civil Rights Act of 1959: To help eliminate racial discrimination in Ohio, the Ohio General Assembly enacted the Ohio Civil Rights Act of 1959. . . .
Ohio Civil Rights Commission: To help eliminate racial discrimination in Ohio, the Ohio General Assembly created the Ohio Civil Rights Commission in 1959. . . .
Ohio Commission on Hispanic/Latino Affairs: The Ohio Commission on Hispanic/Latino Affairs is a state bureaucratic office that advises Ohio government leaders on Hispanic issues. . . .
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency: The Ohio state government established the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA) on October 23, 1972. . . .
Ohio Fair Housing Act of 1965: To help end discrimination in Ohio housing, in 1965, the General Assembly enacted Fair Housing Act. . . .
Ohio Folklore Society: The Ohio Folklore Society was founded in 1950 to preserve the folklore of Ohio and other Midwestern states. . . .
Ohio Hispanic Coalition: The Ohio Hispanic Coalition is an advocacy group for Ohio's Latino population. . . .
Ohio House Bill 610 (Gender Discrimination Prohibition): In 1973, the Ohio state government passed House Bill 610. This bill prohibited gender discrimination in employment, housing, and in public accommodations. . . .
Ohio Income Tax: In 1972, the Ohio state government implemented an income tax. This tax was a progressive one. Under a progressive income tax, the people who earn the most money pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes. . . .
Ohio Lottery: On May 8, 1973, Ohio voters voted overwhelmingly to amend the Ohio Constitution of 1851 to create a state lottery. Ohio was the tenth state to approve a state lottery. The amendment passed with two-thirds of voters in favor of it. . . .
Ohio Naval Militia: The Ohio Naval Militia had its roots in the Ohio Militia, which was formed in 1803. . . .
Ohio Penitentiary Riot (1952): On October 31, 1952, a riot erupted at the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus. It became known as the “Halloween Riot,” as it began on Halloween. . . .
Ohio Penitentiary Riot (1968): On August 20, 1968, prisoners at the Ohio Penitentiary rioted. Inmates in cell blocks C and D took nine guards prisoner. . . .
Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission: In 1948, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Virginia, and New York established the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO). . . .
Ohio Turnpike Commission: In 1949, the Ohio government established the Ohio Turnpike Commission. This office was to finance and construct a turnpike that crossed northern Ohio. . . .
Ohio Un-American Activities Committee: In 1951, the Ohio General Assembly implemented the Ohio Un-American Activities Committee, a joint committee of state representatives and senators charged with determining communism's influence in Ohio. . . .
Ohio's Sesquicentennial: In 1953, Ohio celebrated the 150th anniversary of its statehood. The state sponsored a number of events to celebrate this occasion. . . .
Ohio's State Beverage - Tomato Juice: In 1965, the Ohio General Assembly made tomato juice Ohio's official beverage. Adoption of an official beverage coincided with the Tomato Festival held in Reynoldsburg, Ohio. . . .
Ohio's State Gemstone - Flint: In 1965, the Ohio General Assembly adopted flint as Ohio's official gemstone. Large quantities of this gem exist especially in the eastern and central parts of the state. . . .
Ohio's State Insect - Ladybug: In 1975, the Ohio government selected the ladybug as Ohio's official insect. . . .
Ohio's State Motto: During the early 1950s, the Ohio legislature sponsored a contest for selecting a state motto. "With God All Things Are Possible" became Ohio's state motto on October 1, 1959. James Mastronardo, a twelve-year-old boy recommended this quotation from the Bible. . . .
Ohio's State Nickname: Ohio is commonly referred to as the Buckeye State due to the prevalence of Ohio Buckeye trees within the state's borders. . . .
Ohio's State Song - Beautiful Ohio: In 1969, the Ohio legislature adopted "Beautiful Ohio" as Ohio's state song. Mary Earl, whose real name was Robert A. "Bobo" King, composed the music. . . .
Ohio's State Tree - Buckeye: The Ohio Buckeye was designated as the official state tree in 1953 by the Ohio legislature. . . .
On Leong Tong: The On Leong Tong, which is also known as the Chinese Merchants Association, is an association that primarily promotes Chinese business development. . . .
Otis, George K.: Ohioan George K. Otis was a famous businessman and Christian evangelist. . . .
Owens Community College: On September 13, 1965, Owens Technical Institute, the predecessor of Owens Community College, opened in Toledo, Ohio. . . .
Owens Technical College: On September 13, 1965, Owens Technical Institute, the predecessor of Owens Technical College, opened in Toledo, Ohio. . . .
Ownership of the Ohio River: Since the late 1700s, various states have claimed ownership of various stretches of the Ohio River. The principal reason was to garner wealth from the trade that occured on the river. In 1792, the federal government determined that Kentucky owned the Ohio River along its border with Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. . . .
Paige, Leroy: Leroy "Satchel" Paige played professional baseball for four decades and is a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame. . . .
Pampers: In 1959, Procter & Gamble, a Cincinnati, Ohio company, began to market Pampers, which were disposable diapers. . . .
Paramount's Kings Island: Paramount's Kings Island is a major amusement park located northeast of Cincinnati, in Warren County, Ohio. . . .
Peale, Norman V.: Norman Vincent Peale was born on May 31, 1898, in Bowersville, Ohio. He graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University and became one of the most influential ministers of the twentieth century. . . .
Plain City, Ohio: Plain City, which was formerly known as Westminster and Pleasant Valley, is a community in northern Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Play-Doh: In 1949, Irma McVicker hired her son, Joseph McVicker, and her son-in-law, Bill Rhodenbaugh, to head Kutol Products Company, a Cincinnati, Ohio, firm that produced soap and wallpaper cleaner. Joseph McVicker soon realized that Kutol Products' wallpaper cleaner also could be used as a pliable modeling clay. . . .
Pleasant Valley (Madison County), Ohio: Plain City, which was formerly known as Westminster and Pleasant Valley, is a community in northern Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Poliomyelitis: Poliomyelitis (polio) is an illness caused by the poliovirus. It spreads when an infected person comes in contact with someone else or when a person comes into contact with the feces of an infected person. . . .
Ponderosa: In 1965, the first Ponderosa restaurant opened in Kokomo, Indiana. It quick became famous for its steaks. Over the years the company also added a buffet. In less than a year, the company established twenty-five more restaurants and moved its headquarters from Kokomo to Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Powell, William: William Powell was the first African American to design and construct a professional golf course. In 1946, he began construction of the Clearview Golf Course in East Canton, Ohio. . . .
Pro Football Hall of Fame: On December 6, 1959, the Canton Repository, a newspaper in Canton, Ohio, called for city officials to lobby the National Football League (NFL) to create a football hall of fame in the community. The city had played an instrumental role in creating professional football. . . .
Rabbinical College of Telshe: The Rabbinical College of Telshe is a Jewish institution for studying the Talmud and the Torah. . . .
Rainbow Crafts Company, Inc.: In 1949, Irma McVicker hired her son, Joseph McVicker, and her son-in-law, Bill Rhodenbaugh, to head Kutol Products Company, a Cincinnati, Ohio, firm that produced soap and wallpaper cleaner. . . .
Reed v. Rhodes: The federal district court decision in the case of Reed v. Rhodes in 1976 led to the desegregation of the public schools of Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Rhodes' Raiders: "Rhodes' Raiders" were a group of Ohio's most prominent political and business leaders that Ohio Governor James Rhodes recruited to actively encourage new business development in the state. . . .
Rhodes, James A.: James Allen Rhodes was served as governor of Ohio for four terms during the late twentieth century. . . .
Ridna Shkola: Ridna Shkola is a Ukrainian school in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Rieveschl, George: George Rieveschl was the inventor of Benadryl, an antihistamine used for allergy sufferers. . . .
Riffe Jr., Vernal G.: Vernal G. Riffe, Jr., was a dominant force in the Ohio House of Representatives for much of the late twentieth century. . . .
Roberts, Geraldine: Geraldine Roberts, a Cleveland, Ohio resident, began organizing African-American women working as domestic servants in 1965. . . .
Romanian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Romanian ancestors. Today, Romanian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Roscoe Village: During the 1960s, Edward Montgomery and his wife, Frances Montgomery, envisioned restoring Roscoe Village, located in present-day Coshocton, Ohio, to its former splendor when it had been a bustling community on the Ohio and Erie Canal. . . .
Rose, Peter E.: Peter (Pete) Edward Rose, Sr., was a star baseball player and manager for the Cincinnati Reds whose career was marred by gambling allegations in 1989. . . .
Rusin Educational Society: The Rusin Elite Society was a Carpatho-Russian social organization in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Rusin Elite Society: The Rusin Elite Society was a Carpatho-Russian social organization in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Rusin Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors, including Rusin Ohioans. . . .
Russian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Russian ancestors. Today, Russian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Ruthenian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Carpatho-Russian ancestors, including Ruthenian Ohioans. . . .
Sabin, Albert: Albert Sabin developed the first oral vaccine to prevent infection from the polio virus. . . .
Salem Bible Institute: For more than one century, Salem, Ohio, has been the home of a religious-centered institution of higher education. The modern institution traces its history to 1956, with the creation of Salem Bible Institute. . . .
Sarahsville, Ohio: Sarahsville was formerly the county seat of Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Sauder Village: Beginning in the 1970s, Erie J. Sauder, the founder of the Sauder Woodworking Company, created Sauder Village near Archbold, Ohio. . . .
Saxbe, William B.: Ohioan, William Bart Saxbe was a prominent twentieth-century politician who served in the United States Senate and as Attorney General of the United Stated. . . .
Scandinavian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Scandinavian ancestors. Scandinavians include people from Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. . . .
Schembechler, Glenn E. "Bo": Glenn Edward Schembechler was a famous football coach at Miami University and the University of Michigan. . . .
Schlesinger Jr., Arthur M.: Arthur Meier Schlesinger, Jr.was a leading authority on the history of the united States. . . .
Schmidt's Restaurant und Sausage Haus: Schmidt's Restaurant und Sausage Haus is a popular restaurant in the German Village neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. . . .
Sciotoville, Ohio: Once its own community in Scioto County, Ohio, Sciotoville is now part of Portsmouth, Ohio. . . .
Sea World of Ohio: Sea World of Ohio was a major amusement park that operated in Aurora, Ohio from 1970 to 2004. The park was located on Geauga Lake and featured Shamu, the killer whale. . . .
Second Red Scare: As World War II was ending, a fear-driven movement known as the Second Red Scare began to spread across the United States. Americans feared that the Soviet Union hoped to spread communism all over the world, overthrowing both democratic and capitalist institutions as it went. . . .
Segregation: Segregation was the practice of requiring separate public and private facilities for whites and blacks. While segregation was much more pervasive in the South after the American Civil War, African Americans still had much to overcome in the North. . . .
Seid, Ruth: Ruth Seid was an American author of novels, short stories and television scripts. . . .
Serbian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Serbian ancestors. Today, Serbian Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Sheppard, Sam: Dr. Samuel Sheppard was a physician and the center of one of the best-known murder cases in American history. . . .
Sho-Jo-Ji Dance Troupe: Located in Cleveland, Ohio, the Sho-Jo-Ji Dance Troupe is a prominent Japanese dance troupe. . . .
Shopping Centers: As Americans moved from the cities to suburbs, business owners began to develop new retail establishments to attract suburbanites. These establishments were known as shopping centers. . . .
Silver, Abba H.: Abba Hillel Silver was a prominent Jewish and Lithuanian-American resident of Cleveland, Ohio during the twentieth century. . . .
Sniffy: "Sniffy," "Little No-No and Sniffy," and "Norbert" were cartoons principally drawn by Cleveland, Ohioan George Leonard Fett. . . .
Snow Bowl: The Ohio State University versus University of Michigan football game in 1950 became known as the Snow Bowl. . . .
Somerset, Ohio: Somerset, which was once known as Middletown, was formerly the county seat of Perry County, Ohio. . . .
Southern State Community College: In 1975, Southern State General and Technical College opened in Sardinia, Ohio. Two years later the institution became known as Southern State Community College and began to offer two-year Associates degrees. . . .
Spirit of Columbus: The Spirit of Columbus was the first plane piloted by a woman to fly around the world. . . .
Stark State College of Technology: In 1960, Stark State College of Technology opened in North Canton, Ohio. . . .
Steinem, Gloria: Gloria Steinem is an author, journalist and well-known advocate of women's rights. . . .
Stewart, Potter: Potter Stewart was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. . . .
Stokes, Carl B.: Carl Burton Stokes was a political leader and public official from Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Stokes, Louis: Louis Stokes is a political leader and elected official from Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Stouffer Corporation: The Stouffer Corporation has its roots in a small dairy stand, which Abraham and Mahala Stouffer founded in downtown Cleveland in 1922. . . .
Stouffer Frozen Dinners: The Stouffer Corporation was one of the first companies to produce frozen dinners. The Stouffer Corporation has its roots in a small dairy stand, which Abraham and Mahala Stouffer founded in downtown Cleveland in 1922. . . .
Summerfield, Ohio: Summerfield is a small community in Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Sunbelt: The Sunbelt is a collection of states in the Southern and Southwestern United States that attract residents and businesses from the colder climates in the North. . . .
Svoboda, Frank J.: A native of Czechoslovakia, Frank J. Svoboda was a prominent resident of Cleveland, Ohio during the early twentieth century. . . .
Swedish Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Swedish ancestors. Today, Swedish Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
T. Marzetti Company: Founded in Columbus, Ohio, the T. Marzetti Company produces specialty foods for restaurants and individuals. . . .
Taft-Hartley Labor Management Act: In 1947, the United States Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Labor Management Act. Representative Fred Allan Hartley and Ohio Senator Robert Alphonso Taft sponsored this legislation. . . .
Television: In the 1950s, the new medium of television reached millions of Americans for the first time. Some television programs provided entertainment, while others presented current news. . . .
Temple Baptist College: In 1972, members of the Temple Baptist Church created Temple Baptist College in Springdale, Ohio. . . .
Temple-Tifereth Israel (Tifereth Israel): The Temple-Tifereth Israel, which is also known as Tifereth Israel, is Cleveland, Ohio's second oldest Jewish congregation. . . .
Terra Community College: In 1968, Vanguard Technical Institute, the precursor to Terra Community College, opened in Fremont, Ohio. . . .
Terra State Community College: In 1968, Vanguard Technical Institute, the precursor to Terra State Community College, opened in Fremont, Ohio. . . .
Terra Technical College: In 1968, Vanguard Technical Institute, the precursor to Terra Technical College, opened in Fremont, Ohio. . . .
The Limited, Inc.: In 1963, Leslie Wexner, C.E.O. of Limited Brands, opened his first store in the Kingsdale Shopping Center in Columbus, Ohio. He named his store The Limited, a women's clothing store. . . .
The Ridges: The Ridges was formally an asylum for the mentally ill in Athens, Ohio. . . .
The Union Institute and University: In 1964, the Union for Research and Experimentation in Higher Education (UREHE), the predecessor of The Union Institute and University, formed. . . .
Thomas, Rex D.: Rex David (Dave) Thomas was the founder of the Wendy's restaurant chain. . . .
Tibbets Jr., Paul W.: Paul Warfield Tibbets, Jr., was born on February 23, 1915, in Quincy, Illinois. He spent much of his youth in Florida, where he had his first experience flying at twelve years of age. As a teenager, he attended the Western Military Academy and then enrolled in the University of Florida, followed by the University of Cincinnati, where he pursued a medical degree. . . .
Timken Company: The Timken Company is an important employer in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Timken Roller Bearing and Axle Company: The Timken Company is an important employer in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Timken Roller Bearing Company: The Timken Company is an important employer in Canton, Ohio. . . .
Toledo Jeeps: The Toledo Jeeps was a professional basketball team in Toledo, Ohio. . . .
Town and Country Shopping Center: Town and Country Shopping Center, which opened in 1956 in Columbus, may have been the first shopping center in the nation, although several other centers across the country claim to have been opened more than twenty years earlier. . . .
Tremont, Ohio: Tremont, Ohio is a suburb of Cleveland. It is located to the west of downtown Cleveland. . . .
Tri-County Technical Institute: In 1968, Tri-County Technical Institute, the predecessor of Hocking College, opened in Nelsonville, Ohio. . . .
Trowel Fraternity: In 1946, universities and colleges across the United States experienced a surge in enrollment, as World War II veterans, utilizing their G.I. Bill benefits, attended school. . . .
Truman, Harry S.: Harry S. Truman was born on May 8, 1884, in Lamar, Missouri. He spent most of his youth in Independence, Missouri, where he attended the local public schools. Upon graduating from high school, Truman went to work to help support his parents and his siblings. . . .
Ukrainian National Aid Association of America: The Ukrainian National Aid Association of America was one of the first Ukrainian mutual-benefit societies in Ohio. . . .
Ukrainian National Association: The Ukrainian National Association was one of the first Ukrainian mutual-benefit societies in Ohio. . . .
Union for Experimenting Colleges and Universities: In 1964, the Union for Research and Experimentation in Higher Education (UREHE), the predecessor of The Union Institute & University, formed. . . .
United Church of Christ: On June 25, 1957, the United Church of Christ (UCC) formed in Cleveland, Ohio. On that date, the Evangelical and Reformed Church and the Congregational Christian Churches united together to create the United Church of Christ. . . .
United Freedom Movement: The United Freedom Movement, as well as other Civil Rights organizations, actively protested school segregation in Cleveland, Ohio in the 1960s and 1970s. . . .
United Ukrainian Organizations of Ohio: The United Ukrainian Organizations of Ohio is a group that helps coordinate the activities of all Ukrainian societies in Cleveland, Ohio and surrounding communities. . . .
Ursuline Teacher Training Institute: In 1958, the Ursulines of Brown County established the Ursuline Teacher Training Institute. . . .
Van Schaik, Peter N.: Peter N. Van Schaik invented a propulsion backpack that allowed astronauts to maneuver in space outside of a space vehicle. . . .
Vanguard Technical Institute: In 1968, Vanguard Technical Institute, the precursor to Terra Community College, opened in Fremont, Ohio. . . .
Veeck, Bill: Bill Veeck was a prominent professional baseball executive during the twentieth century. . . .
Victoria's Secret: Victoria's Secret is the leading specialty retailer of lingerie, dominating the market with modern, fashion-inspired collections, celebrated supermodels, prestige fragrances and cosmetics, and world-famous runway shows. . . .
Vietnam War: Although the United States of America's military involvement in Vietnam escalated dramatically beginning in 1964, it actually began in the late 1950s and continued until 1973. . . .
Vietnam War Protestors: Thousands of Americans opposed United States involvement in the Vietnam War. Some of these people actively participated in protests. . . .
Von Kappelhoff, Doris: Doris Mary Ann Von Kappelhoff, better known as Doris Day, was one of the best known actresses in America in the mid to late twentieth century. . . .
Walker, William O.: Dr. William O. Walker was a prominent journalist, publisher and political leader in Cleveland, Ohio for much of the mid to late twentieth century. . . .
Walsh College: In 1960, the Brothers of Christian Instruction established Walsh College, a Catholic institution of higher education, in North Canton, Ohio. . . .
Walsh University: In 1960, the Brothers of Christian Instruction established Walsh College, a Catholic institution of higher education, in North Canton, Ohio. . . .
Washington State Community College: In 1971, Washington Technical Institute, the predecessor of Washington State Community College, formed in Marietta, Ohio. . . .
Weathervane Playhouse: The Weathervane Playhouse is the oldest, continuing, professional summer stock theater company in Ohio. The Weathervane Playhouse has attracted actors and directors from across the United States. . . .
Weisenborn, Clara E.: Clara Weisenborn was a prominent politician in Ohio from the 1950s to the 1970s. . . .
Wendy's: Wendy's began on November 15, 1969, when the company's founder, Dave Thomas, opened his first restaurant. It was located at 257 East Broad Street, in Columbus, Ohio. . . .
West Jefferson, Ohio: West Jefferson, formerly known as Jefferson, is a community in Madison County, Ohio. . . .
West Liberty, Ohio: West Liberty is a small community in Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Westminster, Ohio: Plain City, which was formerly known as Westminster and Pleasant Valley, is a community in northern Madison County, Ohio. . . .
Wexner, Leslie: Leslie Wexner is a prominent Ohio business executive who founded The Limited, Victoria's Secret, Bath & Body Works and numerous other leading retail establishments that cater to women. . . .
White, Jackie: Jackie White, a former resident of Cleveland, Ohio, was the first African American to work as a referee at a National Basketball Association (NBA) game. . . .
Whiteman, Marjorie M.: Marjorie Mellace Whiteman was born in Liberty Township, Ohio, in 1898. She would emerge as one of the leading experts on international law during the 1950s and the 1960s. . . .
Williamsburg, Ohio (Noble County): Williamsburg, now known as Batesville, is a small community in Noble County, Ohio. . . .
Willis, William K.: William (Bill) Karnet Willis was the first African American to play in the All-America Football Conference. . . .
Willoughby, Ohio: Willoughby is a community in Lake County, Ohio. During its history, the town has also been called Charlton, Chagrin, and Chagrin Mills. . . .
Winebrenner Theological Seminary: In 1942, Findlay College (modern-day University of Findlay) established a graduate program in theology. This program became the Winebrenner Theological Seminary in 1961 . . .
Wofford, Chloe A.: Toni Morrison is a noted author and educator and the first African American woman to receive the Nobel Prize in literature. . . .
World Golf Championships - Bridgestone Invitational: The World Golf Championships - Bridgestone Invitational is an annual golfing tournament sponsored by the International Federation of PGA Tours and hosted by the Firestone Country Club, in Akron, Ohio. . . .
Wright State University: In 1967, the Ohio government formally established Wright State University, in Dayton, Ohio. . . .
Xenia Tornado of 1974: On April 3, 1974, an F5 category tornado struck Xenia, Ohio. The tornado that struck Xenia was just one of at least 148 tornados that occurred in the South and Midwest in a twenty-four period. This was the worst outbreak of tornados recorded in the twentieth century. . . .
Yugoslavian Ohioans: Numerous Ohioans are descended from Yugoslavian ancestors. Today, Yugoslav Ohioans continue to enhance Ohio's cultural and social landscape. . . .
Zane State College: In 1969, Muskingum Area Technical College, the predecessor of Zane State College, opened in Zanesville, Ohio. . . .
Zanesfield, Ohio: Zanesfield is a small community in Logan County, Ohio. . . .
Zarja Singing Society: The Zarja Singing Society is the oldest Slovenian singing group located outside of Europe. . . .