Documents

There are 198 entries matching this subcategory. They are listed below in alphabetical order.

Act of Congress Recognizing the State of Ohio - 1803 (Transcript): Transcript of an act of Congress passed on February 19, 1803, recognizing the State of Ohio. . . .
Administrative Reorganization Code of 1921: Following World War I, many Americans, including numerous Ohioans, sought a more efficient and smaller government at the state and federal levels. The Administrative Reorganization Code of 1921 addressed these concerns by reordering the Ohio state government. . . .
Agricultural Adjustment Act: In 1933, the United States Congress approved and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed into law the Agricultural Adjustment Act. This legislation was part of Roosevelt's New Deal program. Its intent was to reduce the number of crops that farmers produced and the number of livestock sent to slaughter. . . .
Ake Law: During World War I, the United States fought against Germany and its allies. As a result, there was a significant amount of anti-German sentiment across the United States, including in Ohio. . . .
Akron School Law: Ohio's current school system is based upon the Akron School Law. . . .
America: Originally published in Cleveland, Ohio, America was a Romanian-American newspaper. . . .
Americke Delnicke Listy (American Labor News): Americke Delnicke Listy, translated as American Labor News, was a Czech-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
An Act to Regulate Trade and Intercourse With the Indian Tribes, and to Preserve Peace on the Frontiers (Transcript): Transcript of "An Act to Regulate Trade and Intercourse With the Indian Tribes, and to Preserve Peace on the Frontiers," approved, March 3. 1799. . . .
Articles of Confederation: The Articles of Confederation was the earliest form of government of the newly independent British colonies. The United States Constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation. . . .
Articles of Confederation (Transcript): Transcript of the Articles of Confederation of the United States of America . . .
Bing Act of 1921: In 1921, the Ohio legislature enacted the Bing Act. This law required all children between six and eighteen years of age in the state of Ohio to attend school. . . .
Black Laws of 1807: The Ohio legislature passed a series of laws in 1807 to discourage African American migration to the state. . . .
Blue Laws: Blue laws are laws that prohibit certain types of activities on Sundays. While these laws have existed throughout American history, most people associate them with the late 1800s and the early 1900s, when the Progressives were a powerful group, seeking to reform the United States socially, politically, and economically. . . .
Bonus Law: Passed by the Ohio state legislature on February 23, 1816, the "Bonus Law" required banks in Ohio to obtain a charter from the state legislature in order to operate and to pay taxes to the state. . . .
Brannock Bill: Enacted by the Ohio Legislature in 1905, the Brannock Bill provided local communities with limited authority to control the sale of alcoholic beverages within their jurisdictions. . . .
Bricker Amendment: Although never adopted, the Bricker Amendment would have reduced the president's ability to negotiate agreements with foreign powers without congressional approval. . . .
Brumbaugh Act: The Brumbaugh Act of 1902 created a formal definition for high schools that set them apart from elementary schools. . . .
Buchanan-Clark Bible Bill: In 1925 the Ohio General Assembly passed the Buchanan-Clark Bible Bill, whic required Ohio's public school teachers to read ten verses from the Bible to their students every school day. . . .
Burke-Wadsworth Act: In September 1940, the United States Congress passed the Burke-Wadsworth Act. . . .
Centinel of the North-Western Territory: The Centinel of the North-Western Territory was the first newspaper published in the Northwest Territory. . . .
Cincinnati Enquirer: A number of newspapers were published in Cincinnati, Ohio, during the first half of the nineteenth century. The Cincinnati Enquirer, began publishing a daily paper on April 10, 1841. . . .
Conscription Act: In 1863, the United States government implemented the Conscription Act, which was also known as the Enrollment Act. . . .
Crabbe Act: Following the adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919, the Ohio government implemented stringent measures to enforce Prohibition within the state's borders. One such law was the Crabbe Act. . . .
Declaration of Independence: On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress formally approved and issued the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson wrote the document. . . .
Declaration of Independence (Transcript): A transcript of the Declaration of Independence. . . .
Dennice Noveveku (Star of the New Era): Dennice Noveveku, translated as Star of the New Era, was a Czech-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Der Ohio Adler: Der Ohio Adler was a German-American newspaper published in Lancaster, Ohio. . . .
Dirva: Dirva began publication in August 1916, in Cleveland, Ohio. Published in the Lithuanian language, this newspaper served as a means to deliver the news to Cleveland's growing Lithuanian population. . . .
Dow Law: Enacted by the Ohio legislature in 1886, the Dow Law permitted the Ohio government to tax and to regulate the trafficking of alcohol within the state. . . .
Dunn Bill: Pat Dunn, a state representative from Stark County, introduced the Dunn Bill to the Ohio legislature in 1939. Also known as House Bill 26, the Dunn Bill would have prohibited the state government from employing married women. . . .
Eighteenth Amendment: The Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within the United States and its territories. . . .
Emancipation Proclamation: During the American Civil War, the Emancipation Proclamation made slavery's demise one of the North's principal war aims. . . .
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act: On April 8, 1935, the United States Congress passed the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act. . . .
Enabling Act of 1802: On April 30, 1802, President Thomas Jefferson signed the Enabling Act of 1802. This act called for the admittance of Ohio as soon as possible as a state within the United States of America. . . .
Enabling Act of 1802 (Transcript): Transcript of the Enabling Act of 1802. . . .
Enrollment Act: In 1863, the United States government implemented the Conscription Act, which was also known as the Enrollment Act. . . .
Equal Rights Amendment: On March 22, 1972, the federal government sent the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the individual states for ratification. The ERA sought to make gender discrimination a violation of the United States Constitution. . . .
Federal Housing Act: On June 28, 1934, the United States Congress passed the Federal Housing Act (FHA). . . .
Federal Reserve Act: The Federal Reserve Act established twelve district banks. The fourth district, which included Ohio, was headquartered in Cleveland. . . .
Fifteenth Amendment: As the American Civil War ended, the federal government was undecided as to how the seceded Confederate states were to return to the Union. President Abraham Lincoln favored a lenient policy and hoped to reunify the country quickly. . . .
Fort Gower Resolutions: The Fort Gower Resolutions were an expression of the increasing spirit of American independence as the American Revolution was about to begin. . . .
Fourteenth Amendment: The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees people of all races equal protection under the law. . . .
Friebolin Act: The Friebolin Act created a civil service system for the State of Ohio. . . .
Fugitive Slave Law of 1850: The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 was part of the Compromise of 1850. This law required the United States government to actively assist slave owners in recapturing their runaway slaves. . . .
G.I. Bill of Rights: On June 22, 1944, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the Servicemen's Readjustment Act. This legislation is better known as the G.I. Bill of Rights. T . . .
Geghan Bill: The Gehan Bill was an early effort by the Ohio government to overcome nativist sentiment by many of the state's residents. . . .
General Order No. 38: In April 1863, General Ambrose Burnside, commander of the Department of Ohio, issued General Order No. 38. . . .
Genius of Universal Emancipation: Benjamin Lundy founded the newspaper The Genius of Universal Emancipation in 1821. Lundy was a member of the Society of Friends and one of the leading anti-slavery advocates in Ohio during the first half of the nineteenth century. . . .
George-Deen Vocational Law: In 1936, the United States government instituted the George-Deen Vocational Law. . . .
Germania: Germania was a German-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: The Gulf of Tonkin Incident occurred in August 1964. . . .
Harrison Land Act: In 1799, the legislature of the Northwest Territory selected William Henry Harrison to represent the territory in the United States House of Representatives. Upon taking his seat, Harrison immediately asked the House to assist in encouraging settlement of the Northwest Territory. . . .
Harrison Land Act of 1800 (Transcript): Transcript of the Harrison Land Act of 1800 . . .
Il Progresso Italiano in America: In 1903, Cleveland Italians established L'Italiano, the first Italian-language newspaper in Ohio. The paper eventually became known as Il Progresso Italiano in America and finally as La Voce Del Popolo Italiano in 1910. . . .
Interstate Commerce Act: As a result of the failure of states to regulate railroads, the United States Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887. . . .
Interstate Highway Act of 1956: In 1956, the United States government implemented the Interstate Highway Act. This legislation provided twenty-six billion dollars to build interstate highways, linking the United States' major cities. . . .
Jesuit Relations: During the early 1600s, Jesuit missionaries arrived in New France (modern-day eastern North America) to convert Indians to the Roman Catholic faith. . . .
Kansas-Nebraska Act: The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed in 1854 by the United States Congress to deal with the opening of the central Midwest to continuing American settlement. . . .
Kelley Bank Bill of 1845: The Kelley Bank Bill resulted from the Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States and the Panic of 1837. In 1832, Jackson ordered the withdrawal of federal government funds, approximately ten million dollars, from the Bank of the United States. . . .
L'Araldo: L'Araldo, translated as The Herald, was an Italian-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
La Voce Del Popolo Italiano: La Voce Del Popolo Italiano, translated as The Voice of the Italian People, was an Italian-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Land Act of 1804: The United States Congress passed the Land Act of 1804 to create terms for the sale of federal lands in Ohio. This act replaced the Harrison Land Act of 1800, which applied to federal land in the Northwest Territory. . . .
Land Act of 1820: During the early 1800s, many Ohioans purchased land on credit. During the War of 1812 and afterwards, farmers bought many acres of land from the federal government. This land had been part of the Congress Lands, set aside by the national government as it organized the Northwest Territory. It was not difficult for Ohioans to make payments on their loans as long as the economy remained strong, but by the late 1810s the state was in the midst of severe economic problems. . . .
Land Ordinance of 1785: In the Treaty of Paris (1783), which formally ended the American Revolution, England relinquished the Ohio Country to America. Despite this, the Confederation Congress faced numerous problems gaining control of the land. . . .
Logan's Lament: Logan was a leader of the Mingo Indians. He was a war leader but often urged his fellow natives not to attack whites settling in the Ohio Country. His attitude changed on May 3, 1774, when a group of Virginia settlers murdered approximately one dozen Mingos. . . .
Logan's Lament (Transcript): I appeal to any white man to say, if ever he entered Logan's cabin hungry, and he gave him not meat; if ever he came cold and naked, and he clothed him not. . . .
Mandatory Safety Belt Usage Law: During the early 1980s, a movement arose in Ohio to make seatbelt usage mandatory in the state. . . .
Maxwell's Code: Maxwell's Code was the first comprehensive criminal and civil legal code for the Northwest Territory. . . .
McGuffey's Reader: McGuffey's Reader was a series of textbooks written by William McGuffey during the mid-nineteenth century. McGuffey gained prominence as a professor of mental and moral philosophy at Miami University and eventually the University of Virginia. . . .
McKinley Tariff: In 1890, William McKinley, a member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio, introduced a tariff bill, which became known as the McKinley Tariff. . . .
Mentor: Mentor was a Greek newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Morrill Act: In 1862, the United States government approved the Morrill Act. Vermont Congressman Justin Morrill had first introduced this legislation in 1857, but the United States Congress did not pass it until five years later. . . .
Mother's Pension Law: In 1913, the Ohio state legislature enacted a number of important Progressive reforms, including a Mother's Pension Law. . . .
National Industrial Recovery Act: On June 13, 1933, the United States Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). The NIRA was part of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal. . . .
Newburgh Petition: The Newburgh Petition was an effort by officers in the Continental Army to be paid in land rather than money in the closing years of the American Revolution. . . .
Nineteenth Amendment: The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution granted adult women the right to vote. . . .
North American Free Trade Agreement: In January 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went into effect. . . .
Northwest Ordinance: On July 13, 1787, the Confederation Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance. The act created a system of government for the Northwest Territory. It also specified how the various parts of the Northwest Territory could become states. . . .
Northwest Ordinance (Transcript): Transcript of "An Ordinance for the government of the Territory of the United States northwest of the River Ohio. " . . .
Novy Svet (New World): Novy Svet, translated as New World, was a Czech-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
O'Neil-Pringle Minimum Wage Bill: In 1933, the Ohio legislature debated the merits of the O'Neil-Pringle Minimum Wage Bill. This bill, if passed, would allow a state official to establish minimum wages for both women and children employed in certain businesses. . . .
Ohio Civil Rights Act of 1959: To help eliminate racial discrimination in Ohio, the Ohio General Assembly enacted the Ohio Civil Rights Act of 1959. . . .
Ohio Civil Rights Law of 1894: The Ohio Civil Rights Law of 1894 was an early effort by the Ohio government to eliminate racial discrimination in Ohio. . . .
Ohio Conservancy Law: The State of Ohio passed the Ohio Conservancy Law, also known as the Vonderheide Act, after the Flood of 1913. This flood was the greatest natural disaster in Ohio history. . . .
Ohio Constitution of 1803: The Ohio Constitution of 1803 was Ohio's first state constitution. . . .
Ohio Constitution of 1803 (Transcript): Transcript of Ohio's original constitution, drafted in 1802 and approved by Congress in 1803 . . .
Ohio Constitution of 1851: By 1850, many Ohioans believed that the time had come to replace the Constitution of 1802. New issues had arisen that the drafters of the first constitution had not foreseen. . . .
Ohio Constitution of 1874: In 1871, some Ohio government officials felt the need to redraft Ohio's state constitution. The constitution currently in effect was the Constitution of 1851. During the twenty years since this document's ratification, the United States had experienced great change. . . .
Ohio Cultivator: The Ohio Cultivator was a newspaper dedicated to helping farmers. Founded in Columbus by M.B. Bateham in 1845, the newspaper remained in operation until the Civil War when it was merged with the Ohio Farmer newspaper. . . .
Ohio Fair Housing Act of 1965: To help end discrimination in Ohio housing, in 1965, the General Assembly enacted Fair Housing Act. . . .
Ohio House Bill 610 (Gender Discrimination Prohibition): In 1973, the Ohio state government passed House Bill 610. This bill prohibited gender discrimination in employment, housing, and in public accommodations. . . .
Ohio Loan Law of 1837: On March 24, 1837, the Ohio legislature passed the Ohio Loan Law of 1837. This legislation was designed to assist the building of additional canals within the state. . . .
Ohio Orphan's Friend: In 1874, Reverend John Joseph Jessing began publishing a newspaper called The Ohio. He eventually renamed the publication Ohio Waisenfreund, which meant Ohio Orphan's Friend. . . .
Ohio Public Accommodations Law of 1884: The Ohio Public Accommodations Law of 1884 was an early effort by the Ohio government to eliminate racial discrimination in Ohio. . . .
Ohio Retail Sales Tax Law of 1935: During the Great Depression, public schools in Ohio faced a financial crisis. Most schools received their funding through property taxes. Many Ohioans failed to pay their taxes because of the difficult economic times. . . .
Ohio School Law: Ohio's current school system is based upon the Ohio School Law. . . .
Ohio State Journal: The Ohio State Journal newspaper originally began publication as the Western Intelligencer in 1811. The paper was published in Worthington, Ohio. . . .
Ohio Statesman: In 1838, Samuel Medary purchased the Western Hemisphere newspaper of Columbus, Ohio. He changed the paper's name to the Ohio Statesman. . . .
Ohio Unemployment Compensation Law: With the beginning of the Great Depression in October 1929, many Ohioans became unemployed as businesses attempted to avoid bankruptcy by either firing or laying off workers. By 1932, 37.3 percent of Ohio workers were unemployed. . . .
Ohio Waisenfreund: In 1874, Reverend John Joseph Jessing began publishing a newspaper called The Ohio. He eventually renamed the publication Ohio Waisenfreund, which meant Ohio Orphan's Friend. . . .
Ordinance of 1784: The Ordinance of 1784 was an early effort by the government of the newly formed United States to deal with the territory north and west of the Ohio River. . . .
Pendleton Act: George Pendleton, a United States Senator from Cincinnati, Ohio, authored the Pendleton Act. The Pendleton Act still serves as the basis for civil service positions today. This legislation resulted from President James Garfield's assassination in 1881. . . .
Plunder Law: On March 24, 1837, the Ohio legislature passed the Ohio Loan Law of 1837. This legislation was designed to assist the building of additional canals within the state. It allowed the Ohio government to loan businesses one-third of the total costs to complete a project. . . .
Pokrok: Pokrok was a Czech-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Pond Law: The issue of temperance was becoming more and more important to many Ohioans in the 1870s and 1880s. By the 1880s, state politicians began to pass legislation that attempted to control alcohol consumption in Ohio. . . .
Proclamation of 1763: The Proclamation of 1763 forbade English colonists to live west of the Appalachian Mountains. . . .
Quebec Act: In 1774, the English Parliament enacted the Quebec Act. The Quebec Act gave the English colony of Quebec control of all lands west of the Appalachian Mountains and north of the Ohio River. . . .
Relief Act of 1821: During the early 1800s, many Ohioans purchased land on credit. During the War of 1812 and afterwards, farmers bought many acres of land from the federal government. This land had been part of the Congress Lands, set aside by the national government as it organized the Northwest Territory. . . .
Rodina: Rodina, translated as The Family, was a Carpatho-Russian newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Rose Law: In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, there was growing support for Prohibition in Ohio. Groups such as the Ohio Anti-Saloon League and the American Anti-Saloon League were successful in gaining the attention of some lawmakers in the state legislature. . . .
Rural Electrification Act: On May 11, 1935, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt issued Executive Order 7037. This order created the Rural Electrification Administration. . . .
Rural School Code Act: In the early decades of the twentieth century, Progressive reformers in Ohio enacted a number of laws to improve the state's educational system. One of these laws was known as the Rural School Code Act, passed in 1914. . . .
School Foundation Program Law: During the Great Depression, public schools in Ohio faced a financial crisis. Most schools received their funding through property taxes. Many Ohioans failed to pay their taxes because of the difficult economic times. . . .
Servicemen's Readjustment Act: On June 22, 1944, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed into law the Servicemen's Readjustment Act. This legislation is better known as the G.I. Bill of Rights. The Servicemen's Readjustment Act provided government assistance to World War II veterans as they returned home upon the termination of their military service. . . .
Seventeenth Amendment: The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution went into effect in 1913. Prior to its passage, each state's senators were appointed to their position by the state legislature. I . . .
Sherman Anti-Trust Act: In 1890, the United States government passed into law the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. This legislation was an anti-trust act, authorizing the federal government to break up any businesses that prohibited competition. Its author was John Sherman, a United States Senator from Ohio. . . .
Smith Act: In 1896, Harry Smith, an African-American state legislator from Cleveland, and Albion Tourgee, a white supporter of white and black equality, introduced an anti-lynching bill in the Ohio General Assembly. . . .
Social Security Act: Since the start of the twentieth century, numerous groups, including the Progressives, had lobbied the United States federal government to implement a national system of health insurance and pensions for the elderly and incapacitated. During the Great Depression, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt made the first concerted effort to enact such a program. . . .
Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act: During the 1930s, the Great Plains area of the United States was experiencing little rainfall and abnormally high temperatures. Most people residing in this area found employment as farmers. . . .
Specie Circular: In July 1836, President Andrew Jackson issued the Specie Circular. Under this act, the government would only accept gold or silver in payment for federal land. This act prevented working-class Americans from purchasing federal land in the West, including in Ohio, due to the lack of gold and silver. . . .
State Liquor Control Act: In 1933, individual states within the United States ratified the Twenty-First Amendment to the United States Constitution. This amendment repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, which had legalized Prohibition. Also in 1933, Ohio voters repealed a Prohibition amendment in the Ohio constitution. . . .
Svet American (American World): Svet American, translated as American World, was a Czech-American newspaper published in Cleveland, Ohio. . . .
Taft-Hartley Labor Management Act: In 1947, the United States Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Labor Management Act. Representative Fred Allan Hartley and Ohio Senator Robert Alphonso Taft sponsored this legislation. . . .
Tariff of 1816: Tariffs are taxes placed on goods imported from foreign countries. Tariffs serve two main purposes. First, these taxes allow a nation to raise money. Second, tariffs protect a nation's goods from cheaper priced foreign items. . . .
The Philanthropist: The Philanthropist was an anti-slavery newspaper first published in Mount Pleasant, Ohio, in September 1817. Its first editor was Charles Osborn. . . .
Thirteenth Amendment: The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution formally ended slavery in the United States of America. . . .
Thomas Law: In 1907, an economic downturn gripped the United States. It became known as the Panic of 1907. . . .
Treaty of Fort Finney (1786): In 1785, the Confederation Congress dispatched Richard Butler and Samuel Holden Parsons to negotiate a treaty with the Shawnee Indians. . . .
Treaty of Fort Finney (1786) (Transcript): Articles of a Treaty concluded at the Mouth of the Great Miami, on the North-western Bank of the Ohio, the thirty-first day of January, one thousand seven hundred arid eighty-six, between the Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, of the one Part, and the Chiefs and Warriors of the Shawnoe Nation, of the other Part. . . .
Treaty of Fort Harmar (1789): During the late 1780s, the Northwest Territory was a violent place as American settlers moved onto land that Native Americans claimed as their own. . . .
Treaty of Fort Harmar (1789) (Transcript): Articles of a Treaty Made at Fort Harmar, between Arthur St. Clair, Governor of the Territory of the United States North-West of the River Ohio, and Commissioner Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, for removing all Causes of Controversy, regulating Trade, and settling Boundaries, with the India Nations in the Northern Department, . . .
Treaty of Fort Industry (1805): The Treaty of Fort Industry was signed on July 4, 1805. In this treaty the Wyandot Indians, the Ottawa Indians, the Chippewa Indians, the Munsee Indians, the Delaware Indians, the Potawatomi Indians, and the Shawnee Indians relinquished one-half million acres of land south of Lake Erie and west of the Cuyahoga River in northeastern Ohio. . . .
Treaty of Fort Industry (1805) (Transcript): A treaty between the United States of America, and the sachems, chiefs, and warriers of the Wyandot, Ottawa, Chipawa, Munsee and Delaware, Shawanee, and Pottawatima nations, holden at Fort Industry, on the Miami of the lake, on the fourth day of July, Anno Domini, one thousand eight hundred and five. . . .
Treaty of Fort McIntosh (1785): In 1785, the Confederation Congress sent George Rogers Clark, Arthur Lee, and Richard Butler to the Ohio Country to negotiate a treaty with the Delaware Indians, the Wyandot Indians, the Ottawa Indians, and the Chippewa Indians. The treaty negotiations took place at Fort McIntosh. . . .
Treaty of Fort McIntosh (1785) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty concluded at Fort M'Intosh, the twenty-first day of January, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five, between the Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, of the one part, and the Sachems and Warriors of the Wiandot, Delaware, Chippawa, and Ottawa Nations of the other. . . .
Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768): In 1768, the Iroquois Indians and the English signed a treaty at Fort Stanwix. . . .
Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784): In 1784, the government of the newly independent United States entered into a treaty with the Six Nations of the Iroquois. . . .
Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784) (Transcript): Articles concluded at Fort Stanwix, or the twenty-second day of October, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-four, between Oliver Wolcott, Richard Butler, and Arthur Lee, Commissioners Plenipotentiary from the United States, in Congress assembled, on the one Part, and the Sachems and Warriors of the Six Nations, on the other. . . .
Treaty of Ghent (1814): The United States and Great Britain signed the Treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814, officially ending the War of 1812. England agreed to remove all soldiers from United States territory. This included soldiers in the American Northwest. England had kept soldiers on this land since the American Revolution in violation of the Treaty of Paris (1783). . . .
Treaty of Greeneville (1795): On August 20, 1794, an American army commanded by Anthony Wayne defeated a Native American force led by Blue Jacket of the Shawnee at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. With this victory, Indians living in the western portion of modern-day Ohio knew that they had to sue for peace. . . .
Treaty of Greeneville (1795) (Transcript): A treaty of peace between the United States of America, and the tribes of Indians called the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanees, Ottawas, Chippewas, Pattawatimas, Miamis, Eel Rivers, Weas, Kickapoos, Piankeshaws, and Kaskaskias. . . .
Treaty of Lewistown (1829): On August 3, 1829, members of the Shawnee Indians and the Seneca Indians signed the Treaty of Lewistown with the United States. . . .
Treaty of Little Sandusky (1829): On August 3, 1829, Delaware Indians and representatives of the United States signed the Treaty of Little Sandusky. . . .
Treaty of Little Sandusky (1829) (Transcript): Articles of agreement made between John M’Elvain, thereto specially authorized by the President of the United States, and the band of Delaware Indians, upon the Sandusky River, in the State of Ohio, for the cession of a certain reservation of land in the said State. . . .
Treaty of Little Sandusky (1831): On February 28, 1831, Seneca Indians residing along the Sandusky and the Little Sandusky Rivers signed the Treaty of Little Sandusky with representatives of the United States . . .
Treaty of Little Sandusky (1831) (Transcript): Articles of agreement and convention, made and concluded at the City of Washington, on the twenty-eight day of February, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-one, by and between James B. Gardiner, specially appointed Commissioner on the part of the United States, of the one part, and the undersigned, principal Chiefs and Warriors of the Seneca tribe of Indians, residing on the Sandusky river in the State of Ohio, on the part of said tribe, of the other part; for the cession of the lands now owned and occupied by the said tribe of Indians, lying on the waters of the Sandusky river, and situate within the territorial limits of the organized counties of Seneca and Sandusky, in said State of Ohio. . . .
Treaty of Maumee (1833): The Treaty of Maumee was signed on February 18, 1833. In this treaty, the Ottawa Indians living in Ohio gave up their claims to all of their lands located in the state. . . .
Treaty of Maumee (1833) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty made at Maumee in the State of Ohio, on the eighteenth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-three, between George B. Porter, Commissioner on the part of the United States, of the one part; and the undersigned Chiefs and Head men of the Band of Ottawa Indians, residing on the Indian Reserves, on the Miami of Lake Erie, and in the vicinity thereof, representing the whole of said band, of the other part: . . .
Treaty of Miami (Maumee) Bay (1831): On August 30, 1831, representatives of the United States and the Ottawa Indians signed the Treaty of Miami (Maumee) Bay. . . .
Treaty of Paris (1763): The Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War. For seven years England and their colonists had battled against the French and their Native American allies. The war had originated in North America, but it quickly encompassed Europe, Africa, and India as well. . . .
Treaty of Paris (1763) (Transcript): Transcript of the Treaty of Paris of 1763 . . .
Treaty of Paris (1783): The Treaty of Paris (1783) formally brought the American Revolution to a close. England recognized the independence of the United States. In addition, the United States secured all of the land east of the Mississippi River except for British possessions in Canada and Spanish territory in Florida. . . .
Treaty of Paris (1783) (Transcript): Original text of the Treaty of Paris (1783). . . .
Treaty of Paris (1898): The Treaty of Paris (1898) formally ended the Spanish-American War. In 1898, the United States declared war on Spain. Throughout the 1890s, many Americans objected to Spain's treatment of the people of Cuba, a colony of Spain. . . .
Treaty of St. Mary's (1817): The Treaty of St. Mary's was signed on September 29, 1817. It was a supplement to the Treaty of the Maumee Rapids of 1817. . . .
Treaty of the Maumee Rapids (1817): Also known as the Treaty of the Rapids of the Miami of Lake Erie, the Treaty of the Maumee Rapids was signed on September 29, 1817. . . .
Treaty of the Maumee Rapids (1817) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty made and concluded, at the foot of the Rapids of the Miami of Lake Erie, between Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur, commissioners of the United States, with full power and authority to hold conferences, and conclude and sign a treaty with all or any of the tribes or nations of Indians within the boundaries of the state of Ohio, of and concerning all matters interesting to the United States and the said nations of Indians on the one part; and the sachems, chiefs, and warriors, of the Wyandot, Seneca, Delaware, Shawanese, Potawatomees, Ottawas, and Chippeway, tribes of Indians. . . .
Treaty of Versailles (1919): The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I. The treaty dealt specifically with Germany, and the other defeated powers had to negotiate their own separate treaties. . . .
Treaty of Wapakoneta (1831): On August 8, 1831, four hundred Shawnee Indians agreed to relinquish their claims to land in western Ohio in the Treaty of Wapakoneta. . . .
Treaty of Wapakoneta (1831) (Transcript): Articles of agreement and convention, made and concluded at Wapaghkonnetta, in the county of Allen and State of Ohio on the 8th day of August in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-one, by and between James B. Gardiner specially appointed commissioner on the part of the United States and John McElvain, Indian Agent for the Wyandots, Senecas and Shawnees residing in the State of Ohio, on the one part, and the undersigned, principal Chiefs, Headmen and Warriors of the tribe of Shawnee Indians residing at Wapaghkonnetta and Hog Creek, within the territorial limits of the organized county of Allen, in the State of Ohio. . . .
Treaty with the Delawares (1778): In 1778, during the American Revolution, the Continental Congress sent representatives to negotiate a treaty with the Delaware Indians, who resided in the Ohio Country. . . .
Treaty with the Delawares (1778) (Transcript): Articles of agreement and confederation, made and entered into by Andrew and Thomas Lewis, Esquires, Commissioners for, and in Behalf of the United States of North-America of the one Part, and Capt. White Eyes, Capt. John Kill Buck, Junior, and Capt. Pipe, Deputies and Chief Men of the Delaware Nation of the other Part. . . .
Treaty with the Delawares (1818): On October 3, 1818, the Delaware Indians agreed to relinquish all claims that they had to land in Indiana. In exchange, the United States government agreed to provide the Delawares with land west of the Mississippi River. . . .
Treaty with the Delawares (1818) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty made and concluded at St. Mary's, in the state of Ohio, between Jonathan Jennings, Lewis Cass, and Benjamin Parke, commissioners of the United States, and the Delaware nation of Indians. . . .
Treaty with the Miamis (1818): On October 6, 1818, the Miami Indians agreed to relinquish much of their land in Indiana and Ohio. . . .
Treaty with the Miamis (1818) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty made and concluded, at St. Mary's, in the State of Ohio, between Jonathan Jennings, Lewis Cass, and Benjamin Parke, Commissioners of the United States, and the Miame nation of Indians. . . .
Treaty with the Potawatomis (1818): On October 2, 1818, the Potawatomi Indians agreed to relinquish much of their land in Indiana. In exchange, the United States government agreed to pay the Potawatomi Indians a yearly annuity consisting of 2,500 dollars. . . .
Treaty with the Potawatomis (1818) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty made and concluded at St. Mary's, in the state of Ohio, between Jonathan Jennings, Lewis Cass, and Benjamin Parke, commissioners of the United States and the Potawatamie nation of Indians. . . .
Treaty with the Senecas and Shawnees (1832): The Treaty with the Senecas and the Shawnees (1832) modified an earlier treaty made in 1831 by the United States with the Seneca and Shawnee Indians. . . .
Treaty with the Senecas and Shawnees (1832) (Transcript): Articles of agreement, made and concluded at the Seneca agency, on the head waters of the Cowskin river, this 29th day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-two, by and between Henry. L. Ellsworth and John F. Schermerhorn, Commissioners, on behalf of the United States, and the Chiefs and Headmen of the "United Nation" of the Senecas and Shawnee Indians, on behalf of said Tribe or Nation. . . .
Treaty with the Senecas, Shawnees and Wyandots (1831): On July 20, 1831, the Seneca Indians and the Shawnee Indians agreed to relinquish their claims to land in western Ohio. In exchange, the United States government agreed to provide the tribes with sixty thousand acres of land west of the Mississippi River. . . .
Treaty with the Senecas, Shawnees and Wyandots (1831) (Transcript): Articles of agreement and convention, made and concluded at Lewistown, in the county of Logan, and State of Ohio, on the twentieth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-one, by and between James B. Gardiner, specially appointed commissioner on the part of the United States, and John McElvain, Indian agent for the Wyandots, Senecas and Shawnees, on the one part, and the undersigned principal chiefs and warriors of the mixed band of Senecas and Shawnee Indians residing at and around the said Lewistown, of the other part; for the cession of the lands now owned and occupied by said band, lying on the waters of the Great Miami river, and within the territorial limits of the organized county of Logan, in said State of Ohio. . . .
Treaty with the Six Nations (1789) (Fort Harmar): In 1789, representatives of the Tuscaroras, the Onondagas, the Oneidas, the Senecas, and the Cayugas met with Arthur St. Clair, governor of the Northwest Territory, at Fort Harmar near present-day Marietta, Ohio. . . .
Treaty with the Six Nations (1789) (Ft. Harmar) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty made at Fort Harmar, the ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine, between Arthur St. Clair, esquire, Governor of the territory of the United States of America, northwest of the river Ohio, and Commissioner plenipotentiary of the said United States, for removing all causes of controversy, regulating trade, arid settling boundaries, between the Indian nations in the northerly department and the said United States, of the one part, and the sachems and warriors of the Six Nations, of the other part: . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots (1832): On January 19, 1832, a group of Wyandot Indians agreed to relinquish all claims to a reservation in Ohio. The reservation consisted of sixteen thousand acres of land. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots (1832) (Transcript): Articles of agreement and convention made and concluded at McCutcheonsville, Crawford county, Ohio, on the nineteenth day of January, 1832, by and between James B. Gardiner, specially appointed commissioner on the part of the United States, and the Chiefs, Headmen and Warriors of the band of Wyandots, residing at the Big Spring in said county of Crawford, and owning a reservation of 16,000 acres at that place. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots (1836): On April 23, 1836, the Wyandot Indians agreed to relinquish all claims to three parcels of land in Crawford County, Ohio. Under this agreement, the United States government would sell the land and provide the Indians with all profits from the land sale. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots (1836) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty made and concluded between John A. Bryan, commissioner on the part of the United States, and William Walker, John Barnett, and Peacock, chiefs and principal men of the Wyandot tribe of Indians in Ohio, acting for and on behalf of the said tribe. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots (1842) (Upper Sandusky): On March 17, 1842, the Wyandot Indians agreed to relinquish all claims to land in Ohio and Michigan. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots (1842) (Upper Sandusky) (Transcript): John Tyler, President of the United States of America, by John Johnston, formerly agent for Indian affairs, now a citizen of the State ofOhio, commissioner duly authorized and appointed to treat with the WyandottNation of Indians for a cession of all their lands lying and being in theStates of Ohio and Michigan; and the duly constituted chiefs, counsellors, andhead-men, of the said Wyandott Nation, in full council assembled, on the other part, have entered into the following articles and conditions, viz: . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Senecas, and Miamis (1814): In 1814, William Henry Harrison and Lewis Cass negotiated a treaty with the Wyandot Indians, the Delaware Indians, the Shawnee Indians, the Seneca Indians, and the Miami Indians on the behalf of the United States government. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Senecas, and Miamis (1814) (Transcript): A treaty of peace and friendship between the United States of America, and the tribes of Indians called the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanoese, Senecas, and Miamies. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Senecas, Ottawas, Chippewas, Potawatomies, and Miamis (1815): Leaders from eight groups of Native Americans met in 1815 with William Henry Harrison, Duncan McArthur, and John Graham, who were representatives of the United States government. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Senecas, Ottawas, Chippewas, Potawatomies, and Miamis (1815) (Transcript): Sept. 8, 1815. A Treaty between the United States of America and the Wyandot, Delaware, Seneca, Shawanoe, Miami, Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatimie, Tribes of Indians, residing within the limits of the State of Ohio, and the Territories of Indiana and Michigan. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots, Shawnees, Senecas, and Ottawas (1818): On September 29, 1817, Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur, commissioners from the United States government, and representatives from the Wyandot Indians, the Shawnee Indians, the Seneca Indians, and the Delaware Indians began negotiations to determine the location of Native American land in Ohio. . . .
Treaty with the Wyandots, Shawnees, Senecas, and Ottawas (1818) (Transcript): Articles of a treaty made and concluded, at St. Mary’s, in the state of Ohio, between Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur, commissioners of the United States, with full power and authority to hold conferences, and conclude and sign a treaty or treaties, with all or any of the tribes or nations of Indians within the boundaries of the state of Ohio, of and concerning all matters interesting to the United States and the said nations of Indians, and the sachems, chiefs, and warriors, of the Wyandot, Seneca, Shawnese, and Ottawas, tribes of Indians; being supplementary to the treaty made and concluded with the said tribes, and the Delaware, Potawatamie, and Chippewa, tribes of Indians, at the foot of the Rapids of the Miami of Lake Erie, on the twenty-ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventeen. . . .
Twenty-First Amendment: During the late 1800s, support for Prohibition-the outlawing of alcohol's manufacture, transportation, and consumption-gained tremendous support within the United States, including in Ohio. One of the leading organizations that called for Prohibition was the Anti-Saloon League. . . .
Uncle Tom's Cabin: During the early 1850s, Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin. Stowe became an abolitionist during the 1830s when she lived in Cincinnati, Ohio. . . .
Uniform Traffic Code: On June 5, 1941, the Ohio government approved the state’s first uniform traffic code. This legislation established a standard speed limit of fifty miles per hour outside of all municipalities. . . .
United States Constitution: The Constitution is the fundamental law of the United States of America and is the oldest written constitution still in effect in the world. . . .
United States Constitution (Transcript): Transcript of the United States Constitution . . .
Valentine Anti-Trust Act: In 1898, the Ohio government implemented the Valentine Anti-Trust Act. This piece of legislation resulted from a government investigation of Ohio's coal, insurance, railroad, and oil industries, among others. . . .
Voice of China: The Voice of China was a pro-China newsletter published in Cleveland, Ohio, during the late 1930s. . . .
Volstead Act: The Volstead Act, also known as the National Prohibition Act, established the legal basis for the federal government to enforce the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within the United States and its territories. . . .
Vonderheide Act: In 1915, the Miami Conservancy District was created in response to the Vonderheide Act. It became the first major watershed district in the nation. . . .
Wade-Davis Bill: In 1864, during the American Civil War, Ohioan Benjamin Franklin Wade, a United States Senator, and Henry Winter Davis, a United States Representative from Maryland, introduced the Wade-Davis Bill. . . .
Wagner-Connery Act: On June 13, 1933, the United States Congress passed the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). The NIRA was part of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal. . . .
Wilmot Proviso: The Wilmot Proviso was a proposal to prohibit slavery in the territory acquired by the United States at the conclusion of the Mexican War. . . .